Resolving the identity and nomenclature of the tumbling flower beetle genus Variimorda Méquignon in Canada and the USA (Coleoptera: Mordellidae)
Robert Naczi
New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, New York 10458-5126 U.S.A.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3985-0059
Abstract
For several decades, the correct generic placement of Mordella oculata Say [currently Glipa oculata (Say), Coleoptera: Mordellidae] has been recognized to be problematic but has remained unresolved. The first goal of this paper is to clarify the taxonomy of this species, using morphology of parameres, antennae, and pro- and mesotarsi. The second goal is to study the morphology of the other Mordellini species of Canada and USA for the possibility that additional species have misaligned generic assignment. Results indicate that G. oculata belongs to Variimorda Mequignon, a genus previously unrecognized for Canada and USA. Existence of a senior synonym discovered through this project, M. pubescens Fabricius, means the revised name for G. oculata is V. pubescens (Fabricius), new combination, and M. oculata is a new synonym of M. pubescens. Additional results indicate four other Mordella species of Canada and USA and two Mordella species of Mexico also belong to Variimorda. Multiple morphological differences from M. oculata justify restored status to M. jovialis LeConte. Lectotypes are designated for the names M. pubescens, M. oculata, and M. insulata LeConte. The new combinations for the additional Variimorda species are V. insulata (LeConte), V. invisitata (Liljeblad), V. jovialis (LeConte), V. mexicana (Champion), V. novemnotata (Ray), and V. septemnotata (Champion). This paper also includes information on geographic distributions and identification, including a key to the five Variimorda species of Canada and USA. Quebec and North Dakota appear to be new provincial and state records for V. pubescens. Alabama, Iowa, and Virginia appear to be new state records for V. insulata.
References
- Ataş M, Veysi M, Ruzzier E. 2022. First observation of Variimorda (Variimorda) holzschuhi Horak, 1985 (Coleoptera: Mordellidae) as a woodborer on Vitis vinifera L.; possible pest or co-occurrent species? The Coleopterists Bulletin 76: 401-406. https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X-76.3.401
- Batten R. 1976. De Nederlandse soorten van de keverfamilie Mordellidae. Zoologische Bijdragen 19: 3-37.
- Batten R. 1977. Two new Mordellidae (Coleoptera) from southern Europe, and a key to the Mordellistena micans group. Entomologische Berichten 37: 167-176.
- Bedell P. 2024. Mordellidae – Mordella insulata. Available at https://bugguide.net/node/view/2372468/bgimage (Last accessed 3 December 2025.)
- Blatchley WS. 1910. An illustrated descriptive catalogue of the Coleoptera or beetles (exclusive of the Rhynchophora) known to occur in Indiana. Nature Publishing Company; Indianapolis, IN. 1386 p
- Bouchard P, Bousquet Y, Davies AE, Cai C. 2024. On the nomenclatural status of type genera in Coleoptera (Insecta). ZooKeys 1194: 1-981. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1194.106440
- Bousquet Y, Bouchard P, Davies AE, Sikes DS. 2013. Checklist of beetles (Coleoptera) of Canada and Alaska, 2nd edition. Pensoft; Sofia. 402 p
- Bright DE. 1986. A catalog of the Coleoptera of America north of Mexico, family: Mordellidae. United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook 529-125: 1-23.
- Brown MH. 2016. Tumbling Flower Beetle – Mordella insulata. Available at https://bugguide.net/node/view/1318588/bgimage (Last accessed 3 December 2025.)
- BugGuide. 2025. Tribe Mordellini page. BugGuide, Iowa State University Department of Entomology. Available at https://bugguide.net/node/view/377483 (Last accessed 3 October 2025.)
- Champion GC. 1891. Mordellidae. p. 250−350, 462. In: Godman F, Salvin O (eds.). Biologia Centrali-Americana Insecta: Coleoptera: Heteromera (Part), vol. 4(2). Taylor and Francis; London, UK. 494 p
- Copeland DA. 2012. Tumbling Flower Beetles - Dorsal - Mordella insulata. Available at https://bugguide.net/node/view/660299/bgimage (Last accessed 3 December 2025.)
- Downie NM, Arnett RH. 1996. The beetles of northeastern North America. Sandhill Crane Press; Gainesville, FL. 1721 p
- Ermisch K. 1956. Mordellidae. p. 269−328 In: Horion A (ed.). Faunistik der mitteleuropaischen Kafer, Band 5: Heteromera. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey Tutzing bei Munchen. Eigenverlag; Munich. 336 p
- Ermisch K. 1969. Familie: Mordellidae. p. 160−196. In: Freude H, Harde KW, Lohse GA (eds.). Die Kafer Mitteleuropas, Band 8 Teredilia, Heteromera, Lamellicornia. Goecke and Evers; Krefeld, Germany. 388 p
- Fabricius JC. 1798. Supplementum entomologiae systematicae. Proft and Storch; Copenhagen. 572 p
- Franciscolo M. 1952. Sulla posizione sistematica delle Glipa americane ed africane. Doriana 1(23): 1-8.
- Franciscolo ME. 1957. Coleoptera: Mordellidae: A monograph of the South African genera and species. 1. Morphology, subfamily Ctenidiinae and tribe Stenaliini. p. 207−291. In: Hanstrom B, Brinck P, Rudebeck, G (eds.). South African animal life, vol. 4. Almqvist and Wiksell; Stockholm. 508 p
- Franciscolo ME. 1965. Coleoptera: Mordellidae, a monograph of the South African genera and species 2. Tribe Mordellini. p. 344−468. In: Hanstrom B, Brinck P, Rudebeck G (eds.). South African animal life, vol. 11. Swedish Natural Science Research Council; Stockholm. 503 p
- Horak J. 1985. Ergebnisse der tschechoslowakisch-iranischen entomologischen Expeditionen nach Iran 1970, 1973 und 1977 Coleoptera: Mordellidae 1 (Stenaliini, Mordellini). Entomologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden 49: 1-25.
- Horak J. 1996. Revision of some oriental Mordellini with description of three new species Part 2. (Coleoptera: Mordellidae). Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 60: 153-164.
- Horak J. 1998. New taxonomic changes in the genus Glipa from the oriental region and descriptions of three new species of the genus Ophthalmoglipa (Coleoptera: Mordellidae). Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 62: 207-216.
- Horak J. 2009. Revision of some oriental Mordellini with description of four new species. Part 3. (Coleoptera: Mordellidae). Studies and Reports of District Museum Prague-East Taxonomical Series 5: 65-90.
- Horak J. 2020. Mordellidae. p. 79−104. In: Iwan D, Lobl I (eds.). Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, vol. 5 Tenebrionoidea. Brill; Leiden. 970 p
- iNaturalist. 2021. Eye-spotted Tumbling Flower Beetle from Sainte-Rose, Laval, QC, Canada on July 20, 2021 at 12:41 PM by Louis Chevrier Available at https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/87907526 (Last accessed 3 December 2025.)
- iNaturalist. 2024. Eye-spotted Tumbling Flower Beetle from Fargo on July 12, 2024 at 08.48 AM by glew514 Available at https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/228823312 (Last accessed 3 December 2025.)
- iNaturalist. 2025. Tribe Mordellini page. iNaturalist. Available at https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/373741-Mordellini (Last accessed 3 October 2025.)
- Jackman JA, Lu W. 2002. Mordellidae. p. 423−430. In: Arnett RH, Thomas MC, Skelley PE, Frank JH (eds.). American beetles, vol. 2. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL. 866 p
- Kim J, Park S, Jung S. 2021. A new record of Glipa (Macroglipa) oshimana Nomura (Coleoptera: Mordellidae: Mordellinae: Mordellini) from Korea, with first male description. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 14: 439-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2021.05.002
- Latreille PA. 1810. Considerations generales sur l’ordre naturel des animaux composant les classes des crustaces, des arachnides, et des insectes. F. Schoell; Paris, France. 444 p
- LeConte JL. 1859. The Coleoptera of Kansas and eastern New Mexico. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 11(6). i−vi + 1−58 + 2 plates
- LeConte JL. 1878. Additional descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 17: 373-434.
- Liljeblad E. 1945. Monograph of the family Mordellidae (Coleoptera) of North America, north of Mexico. Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 62: 1-229.
- Lu W, Jackman JA, Johnson PW. 1997. Male genitalia and phylogenetic relationships in North American Mordellidae (Coleoptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 90: 742-767.
- Mequignon A. 1946. Contribution a l’etude des mordellides palearctiques. Revue Francaise d’Entomologie 13: 52-76.
- Odnosum VK]. 2010. Фауна Украины, том 19 жуки-горбатки (Coleoptera, Mordellidae). Наукова Думка; Киев. 264 p
- Plaza E, Compte A. 1980. Contribucion al conocimiento de los Mordellidae de Espana I, genero Mordella L., 1758 (Coleopteros). Eos 55−56: 195-214.
- Ray E. 1944. New mordellid beetles from the Western Hemisphere. Zoological Series of Field Museum of Natural History 29: 117-133.
- Ruzzier E. 2018. A new species of Glipa LeConte, 1859 subgenus Stenoglipa Francisolo, 1952 (Coleoptera: Mordellidae: Mordellini) from the Philippines. Zootaxa 4410: 397-400. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4410.2.11
- Ruzzier E, Ataş M. 2024. Wood-boring beetles (Coleoptera) affecting Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae) cultivation in southeastern Turkey. The Coleopterists Bulletin 78: 165-170. https://doi.org/10.1649/0010-065X-78.2.165
- Ruzzier E, Di Giulio A. 2024. Taxonomic considerations of selected western Palaearctic Mordellidae Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea). ZooKeys 1207: 151-165. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1207.119398
- Say T. 1835. Descriptions of new North American coleopterous insects, and observations on some already described. Boston Journal of Natural History 1: 151-203.
- Smith JB. 1882. A synopsis of the Mordellidae of the United States. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 10: 73-100.
- Takakuwa M. 1990. A synonym in the mordellid genus Glipa (Insecta, Coleoptera) from the Ryukyus. Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefecture Museum 19: 101–104.
- Takakuwa M. 2000. A taxonomic study of the mordellid subgenus Stenoglipa (Coleoptera, Mordellidae). Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum 29: 53–105.
- Takakuwa M. 2007. Discovery of a peculiar new species of the genus Glipa (Coleoptera, Mordellidae) from western Honshu of Japan. Elytra 35: 545-549.
- Takakuwa M. 2010. Two unexpected new species of the genus Variimorda (Coleoptera, Mordellidae) from the Ogasawara Islands. Elytra 38: 193-200.
- Tsuru T. 2005. Two new subspecies of Variimorda miyarabi Nomura (Coleoptera, Mordellidae) from Yonaguni-jima Island of the southwesternmost Ryukyus and Taiwan. Elytra 33: 79–85.
- Yang G, Ślipiński A. 2025. A review of the genera of Australian Mordellini (Coleoptera: Mordellidae). Annales Zoologici (Warszawa) 75: 283–328. https://doi.org/10.3161/00034541ANZ2025.75.1.012
- Zemoglyadchuk AV, Ruchin AB, Egorov LV. 2020. An annotated checklist of the tumbling flower beetles (Coleoptera, Mordellidae) of the Republic of Mordovia, with a short review of the family in European Russia. Entomological Review 100: 771. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873820060068
- S0013873820060068 Zimsen E. 1964. The type material of I.C. Fabricius. Munksgaard; Copenhagen. 656 p
Publication
Published