Abstract

The chenopodium aphid, Hayhurstia atriplicis (Linnaeus, 1761) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is reported for the first time in Colombia. The aphid was found on the aerial parts of the quinoa plant, Cheno¬podium quinoa Willd. (Amaranthaceae), especially on the leaves, in five municipalities in the department of Cauca, Colombia. Brief information on its natural enemies, distribution and biology is provided. This is the only aphid in Colombia known to cause malformations on the leaves of quinoa plants. In South America, this aphid has been found previously only in Ecuador, where it was reported for the first time in 2023 based on specimens collected from 2019 to 2021. However, we report that H. atriplicis was likely introduced to Ec¬uador in the 2000s or earlier, based on a collection dated 2006 found in the United States National Museum of Natural History.

Resumen

Se reporta por primera vez en Colombia el pulgón de la quinua Hayhurstia atriplicis (Linnaeus, 1761) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). El pulgón se encontró en las partes aéreas de la planta de quinua Chenopo¬dium quinoa Willd. (Amaranthaceae), especialmente en las hojas, en cinco localidades del departamento del Cauca, Colombia. Se proporciona brevemente información sobre sus enemigos naturales, distribución y biología. Este es el único pulgón en Colombia que se conoce por causar malformaciones en las hojas de las plantas de quinua. En América del Sur, este pulgón se había encontrado anteriormente solo en Ecuador, donde se informó por primera vez en el 2023 con base en especímenes recolectados entre 2019 y 2021; sin embargo, aquí reportamos que H. atriplicis probablemente se introdujo en Ecuador en la década de los 2000s o antes, basado en una colección que data del 2006 encontrada en el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Estados Unidos.

References

• Abugoch James LE. 2009. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.): composition, chemistry, nutritional, and functional properties. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research 58: 1–31.  
• Blackman RL, Eastop VF. 2008. Aphids on the world’s herbaceous plants and shrubs, 2 volume set. John Wiley & Sons; Chichester, UK. 1456 p 
• Choate PM. 2001. The Order Dermaptera (Earwigs) in Florida and the United States. Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Division of Plant Industry; Gainesville, Florida. Available at https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/choate/dermaptera.pdf  (Last accessed January 2024.)
• Cruces L, Peña E de la, De Clercq P. 2020. Seasonal phenology of the major insect pests of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and their natural enemies in a traditional zone and two new production zones of Peru. Agriculture 10(12): 1–17.  
• Deghiche-Diab N, Fraih A, Deghiche L, Tarai N. 2021. Biodiversity and ecological studies of arthropods associated to quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in Biskra region. Munis Entomology & Zoology 16(1): 427–434.  
• Ellis W. 2024. Leafminers and plant galls of Europe. Plant parasites of Europe: Leafminers, gallers and fungi. Available at https://bladmineerders.nl/parasites/animalia/arthropoda/insecta/hemiptera/sternorrhyncha/aphidoidea/aphididae/  (Last accessed March 2024.)
• Favret C. 2024. Aphid Species File. Available at http://Aphid.SpeciesFile.org  (Last accessed April 2024)
• González G. 2016. Los Coccinellidae de Colombia [online]. Available at http://www.coccinellidae.cl/paginasWebCol/Paginas/InicioCol.php  (Last accessed January 2024)
• Hayhurst P. 1909. Observations on a gall aphid (Aphis atriplicis L.). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 2(2): 88–99.  
• Kondo T, Watson GW. 2022. 5. Collection, preservation, slide-mounting, labeling and vouchering of scale insects. p. 548‒558. In: Kondo T, Watson GW (eds.). Encyclopedia of scale insect pests. CABI; Wallingford, UK. 720 p. 
• Manjarres-Hernández EH, Arias-Moreno DM, Morillo-Coronado AC, Ojeda-Pérez ZZ, Cárdenas-Chaparro A. 2021. Phenotypic characterization of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) for the selection of promising materials for breeding programs. Plants 10(7): 1–16.   https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10071339 
• Moran NA, Whitham TG. 1990. Interspecific competition between root-feeding and leaf-galling aphids mediated by host-plant resistance. Ecology 71(3): 1050–1058.  
• Morillo-Coronado AC, Castro Herrera MA, Morillo Coronado Y. 2017. Caracterización de la diversidad genética de una colección de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). Biotecnología en el Sector Agropecuario y Agroindustrial 15(2): 49–56.  
• Moritz GB, O’Donnell C, Parrella MP. 2007. Pest thrips of North America associated with domestic and imported crops. CD-ROM CBIT Publishing; Queensland, Australia. 
• Pruna W, Peña-Martínez R, Barragán Á, Carpio C, Muñoz D, Arévalo GM, Leguizamo A. 2023. El primer registro de Hayhurstia atriplicis en Chenopodium quinoa para Ecuador y América del Sur. Ecuador es Calidad 10(1): 1.  
• Rasmussen C, Lagnaoui A, Esbjerg P. 2003. Advances in the knowledge of quinoa pests. Food Reviews International 19(1– 2): 61–75.  
• Simbaqueba R, Serna F. 2021. Áfidos (Hemiptera: Aphididae) de Colombia, con nuevos registros para el norte de Sudamérica. Caldasia 43(1): 1–27.  
• Sigsgaard L, Jacobsen SE, Christiansen JL. 2008. Quinoa, Chenopodium quinoa, provides a new host for native herbivores in northern Europe: Case studies of the moth, Scrobipalpa atriplicella, and the tortoise beetle, Cassida nebulosa. Journal of Insect Science 8(1): 1–4.  
• Sorensen JT. 2009. Aphids, chapter 8. p. 27–31. In: Resh VH, Carde RT (eds.). Encyclopedia of insects 2nd edition. Elsevier Inc.; Oxford, UK. 1168 p 
• Starý P, González D. 1991. The Chenopodium aphid, Hayhurstia atriplicis (L.) (Horn., Aphididae), a parasitoid reservoir and a source of biocontrol agents in pest management. Journal of Applied Entomology 111(1–5): 243–248.  
• Triplehorn CA, Johnson NF. 2005. Borror and DeLong’s introduction to the study of insects. Thomson Brooks/Cole; Belmont, CA. 864 p 
• UCD Community. 2023. Universal Chalcidoidea Database (UCD) curated in TaxonWorks. Available at https://sfg.taxonworks.org/api/v1/  (Last accessed April 2024.)
• Vilcacundo R, Hernández-Ledesma B. 2017. Nutritional and biological value of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Current Opinion in Food Science 14: 1.  
• Yábar E, Gianoli E, Echegaray ER. 2002. Insect pests and natural enemies in two varieties of quinua (Chenopodium quinoa) at Cusco, Peru. Journal of Applied Entomology 126(6): 275–280.