Abstract

An updated list is given of 25 species of soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae) which have been intercepted on plants imported into South Korea during the period of 1996 to 2021. Information on the number of interceptions, host plants, distribution and origin of species intercepted at South Korean ports of entry is provided. In addition, data on intercepted species was analyzed to determine potential invasive species of soft scales that could threaten South Korean plants.

References

• Bartlett BR. 1978. Coccidae. p. 57–73. In: Clausen CP (ed.). Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: a world review, agriculture handbook no. 480. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture; Washington, DC. 545 p 
• Bodenheimer FS. 1951. Citrus entomology in the Middle East with special reference to Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Palestine, Syria, Turkey. W. Junk Publishers; The Hague, Netherlands. 663 p 
• Choi J, Lee S. 2017. Taxonomic review of the tribe Saissetiini (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Korea Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 20: 101–111. 
• Choi J, Lee S. 2018. Review of the genus Coccus Linnaeus from Korea, with description of a new species (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Coccidae). ZooKeys 734: 121–135. 
• Danzig EM. 1980. Coccoids of the Far East USSR (Homoptera, Coccinea): phylogenetic analysis of Coccids in the world fauna. Nauka Publishers; Leningrad, Russia. 367 p 
• García Morales M, Denno BD, Miller DR, Miller GL, Ben-Dov Y, Hardy NB. 2022. ScaleNet: A literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics Available at http://scalenet.info  (Last accessed November 2022.)
• Gavrilov-Zimin IA, Kondo T, Watson GW. 2022. Chapter 4.4.25: Saissetia spp. p. 331–337. In: Kondo T, Watson GW (eds.). Encyclopedia of scale insect pests. CABI; Wallingford, UK. 608 p 
• Gill RJ. 1988. The scale insects of California: part 1. the soft scales (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). California Department of Food and Agriculture; Sacramento, California. 132 p 
• Green EE. 1889. Descriptions of two new species of Lecanium from Ceylon. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 25: 248–250. 
• Hamon AB, Williams ML. 1984. The soft scale insects of Florida (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Arthropods of Florida and neighboring land areas Vol. 11. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry; Gainesville, Florida. 194 p 
• Huber DM, Hugh-Jones ME, Rust MK, Sheffield SR, Simberloff D, Taylor CR. 2002. Invasive pest species: impacts on agricultural production, natural resources, and the environment. Issue paper no. 20. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology; Ames, Iowa. 18 p 
• Kawai S. 1980. Scale insects of Japan in colors. National Agricultural Education Association; Tokyo, Japan. 445 p 
• Kondo T, Watson GW. 2022. Chapter 5: Collection, preservation, slide-mounting, labelling and vouchering of scale insects. p. 548–558. In: Kondo T, Watson GW (eds.). Encyclopedia of scale insect pests. CABI; Wallingford, UK. 608 p 
• Kondo T, Watson GW, Gavrilov-Zimin IA. 2022. Chapter 4.4.4: Coccus spp. p. 248–256. In: Kondo T, Watson GW (eds.). Encyclopedia of scale insect pests. CABI; Wallingford, UK. 608 p 
• Kosztarab MP, Kozár F. 1988. Scale insects of central Europe. Akademiai Kiado; Budapest, Hungry. 456 p 
• Kosztarab MP. 1996. Scale insects of Northeastern North America; identification, biology and distribution. Virginia Museum of Natural History; Martinsburg, Virginia. 650 p 
• Kwon GM, Han MJ. 2003. Scale insects (Stenorrhyncha) occurred on fruit trees in Korea. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 42(4): 279–288. 
• Kwon GM, Han MJ, Choi DR. 2005. Scale insects (Sternorrhyncha) occurring on flowering plants in Korea. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 44(1): 51–59. 
• Lee S, Choi J. 2019. Insect fauna of Korea 9.6 Coccidae. National Institute of Biological Resources; Seoul, South Korea. 111 p 
• Mazzeo G, Longo S, Pellizzari G, Porcelli F, Suma P, Russo A. 2014. Exotic scale insects (Coccoidea) on ornamental plants in Italy: a never-ending story. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica Suppl. 6: 55–61. 
• Miller D, Rung A, Parikh G, Venable G, Redford AJ, Evans GA, Gill RJ. 2014. Scale Insects, Edition 2. USDA APHIS Identification Technology Program (ITP). Fort Collins, CO. Available at http://idtools.org/id/scales/  (Last accessed November 2022.)
• Miller GL, Miller DR. 2003. Invasive soft scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae) and their threat to U.S. agriculture. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 105(4): 832–846. 
• Nada S, Abd Rabo S, Hussein GED. 1990. Scale insects infesting mango trees in Egypt (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium of Scale Insects Studies, Cracow, Poland: 133–134. 
• Paik JC. 2000. Economic insects of Korea 6, Homoptera (Coccinea). Insecta Koreana Suppl. 13. National Institute of Agriculture, Science and Technology; Seoul, South Korea. 193 p 
• Paik WH. 1972. Scale insects found in the greenhouse in Korea. Korean Journal Plant Protection 11: 1–4. 
• Peronti ALBG, Kondo T. 2022. Chapter 4.4.3: Ceroplastes spp. p. 230–246. In: Kondo T, Watson GW (eds.). Encyclopedia of scale insect pests. CABI; Wallingford, UK. 608 p 
• PIS. 2022. Pest Information System (internal database Plant Quarantine Technology Center/ APQA, South Korea).https://doi.org/10.110.128.00  (Last accessed March 2022.)
• Saccaggi DL, Arendse M, Wilson JRU, Terblanche JS. 2021. Contaminant organisms recorded on plant product imports to South Africa 1994–2019. Scientific Data 8(83): 1–11. 
• Tang FT. 1991. The Coccidae of China. Shanxi United Universities Press; Taiyuan, China. 377 p 
• Williams DJ, Watson GW. 1990. The scale insects of the tropical South Pacific region. Pt. 3: The soft scales (Coccidae) and other families. CAB International; Wallingford, UK. 267 p