Center for Systematic Entomology

Abstract

Leptoconops Skuse and Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midges are serious pests of mammals, birds, and reptiles and important vectors of viruses, protozoans, and filarial nematodes. Their collection became an important adjunct to mosquito surveillance using light-baited and CO2-baited suction traps in Grand County, Utah, United States, during 1999–2016. During 2017–2020, collecting was expanded to California, Nevada, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and other parts of Utah using an ultraviolet light suction trap. As a result, five species of Leptoconops and 59 species of Culicoides, representing Leptoconops subgenera Holoconops Kieffer and Leptoconops Skuse, Culicoides subgenera Amoss¬ovia Glukhova, Beltranmyia Vargas, Diphaomyia Vargas, Drymodesmyia Vargas, Haematomyidium Goeldi, Monoculicoides Khalaf, Selfia Khalaf, Sensiculicoides Shevchenko, Silvaticulicoides Glukhova, Silvicola Mirza¬eva and Isaev, and Wirthomyia Vargas, and the Culicoides Leoni, Limai, Palmerae, Piliferus, Saundersi, and Stonei species groups, were collected. Keys to adult males and females and tables of diagnostic characters are provided for identification of 15 species of Leptoconops and 86 species of Culicoides collected, reported by others, or likely to occur in the Southwestern United states west of the Continental Divide. Description ref¬erences, synonymies, diagnoses, geographic and seasonal distributions, and biological summaries from the available literature are provided. Data on relative abundance in light-baited or CO2-baited traps are provided for the species collected. Intersex specimens and specimens parasitized by mites or mermithid nematodes are tabulated. Culicoides (Drymodesmyia) bakeri Vargas is reported from California (new United States re¬cord). New state records of other species for Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico of the United States and for the Mexico states of Puebla, San Luis Potosi, and Oaxaca are reported. Culicoides salihi Khalaf is assigned to the subgenus Diphaomyia of Culicoides (new status). Culicoides stellifer (Coquillett) is reassigned to the subgenus Haematomyidium of Culicoides (new status). Culicoides travisi Vargas is assigned to the subgenus Sensiculicoides of Culicoides (new status). Culicoides luglani Jones and Wirth is reassigned to the Culicoides Limai group (new status). Confusion over species limits was evident between Culicoides cacticola Wirth and Hubert and Culicoides torridus Wirth and Hubert, between C. travisi and Culicoides kibunensis Tokunaga, between Culicoides doeringae Atchley and Culicoides lophortygis Atchley and Wirth, between Culicoides owyheensis Jones and Wirth and Culicoides mortivallis Wirth and Blanton, and between Culicoides cockerellii (Coquillett), Culicoides neomontanus Wirth, and Culicoides sierrensis Wirth and Blan¬ton. Several new species, hybrids, or variants of Culicoides are diagnosed but not formally described: two of subgenus Silvicola, one of the Palmerae group, two of the Piliferus group, and one unplaced to subgenus or species group.

Resumen

Leptoconops Skuse y Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) los mosquitos picadores de son plagas graves de mamíferos, aves y reptiles y vectores importantes de virus, protozoos y nematodos fi¬lariales. Su colección se convirtió en un complemento importante para la vigilancia de mosquitos mediante el uso de trampas de succión con cebo ligero y con cebo de CO2 en Grand County, Utah, Estados Unidos, durante 1999–2016. Durante 2017–2020, la recolección se expandió a California, Nevada, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, y otras partes de Utah usando una trampa de succión de luz ultravio¬leta. Como resultado, cinco especies de Leptoconops y 59 especies de Culicoides, representando Leptoconops subgénero Holoconops Kieffer y Leptoconops Skuse, Culicoides subgénero Amossovia Glukhova, Beltranmyia Vargas, Diphaomyia Vargas, Drymodesmyia Vargas, Haematomyidium Goeldi, Monoculicoides Khalaf, Selfia Khalaf, Sensiculicoides Shevchenko, Silvaticulicoides Glukhova, Silvicola Mirzaeva e Isaev, y Wirthomyia Var¬gas, y los grupos Culicoides Leoni, Limai, Palmerae, Piliferus, Saundersi, y Stonei. Se proporcionan claves para machos y hembras adultos y tablas de caracteres de diagnóstico para la identificación de 15 especies de Leptoconops y 86 especies de Culicoides recolectadas, reportadas de otra manera o que probablemente ocu¬rran en el suroeste de los Estados Unidos al oeste de la Divisoria Continental de América. Se proporcionan referencias descriptivas, sinonimias, diagnósticos, distribuciones geográficas y estacionales, y resúmenes bio¬lógicos de la literatura disponible. Se proporcionan datos sobre la abundancia relativa en trampas con cebo ligero o cebo con CO2 para las especies recolectadas. Se tabulan los especímenes intersexuales y los especí¬menes parasitados por ácaros o nematodos mermitidos. Culicoides (Drymodesmyia) bakeri Vargas se informa de California (nuevo registro de Estados Unidos). Se reportan nuevos registros estatales de otras especies para Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, y Nuevo México de los Estados Unidos y para Puebla, San Luis Potosí, y Oaxaca de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Culicoides salihi Khalaf se asigna al subgénero Diphaom¬yia de Culicoides (nuevo estatus). Culicoides stellifer (Coquillett) se reasigna al subgénero Haematomyidium de Culicoides (nuevo estatus). Culicoides travisi Vargas se asigna al subgénero Sensiculicoides de Culicoides (nuevo estatus). Culicoides luglani Jones y Wirth es reasignado al grupo Culicoides Limai (nuevo estatus). La confusión sobre los límites de especies fue evidente entre Culicoides cacticola Wirth y Hubert y Culicoides torridus Wirth y Hubert, entre C. travisi y Culicoides kibunensis Tokunaga, entre Culicoides doeringae Atchley y Culicoides lophortygis Atchley y Wirth, entre Culicoides owyheensis Jones y Wirth y Culicoides mortivallis Wirth y Blanton, y entre Culicoides cockerellii (Coquillett), Culicoides neomontanus Wirth, y Culicoides sie¬rrensis Wirth y Blanton. Varias especies nuevas, híbridos o variantes de Culicoides se diagnostican, pero no se describen formalmente: dos del subgénero Silvicola, uno del grupo Palmerae, dos del grupo Piliferus, y uno no colocado en subgénero o grupo de especies.

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Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

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