New and noteworthy host records for some North American and Colombian spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)
Frank E. Kurczewski
1188 Converse Drive NE, Atlanta, GA 30324, USA
Rick C. West
6365 Willowpark Way, Sooke, BC, Canada V9Z 1L9
Abstract
New and noteworthy parasitoid/host records for 47 North American and Colombian species and subspecies of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) are listed in taxonomic order following the Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico (Krombein 1979). Te records represent an extension of previ¬ous host studies by Kurczewski and various co-authors. New genus and/or species host records are given for the genera and subgenera Calopompilus Ashmead, Pepsis Fabricius, Hemipepsis Dahlbom, Priocnessus Banks, Entypus Dahlbom, Cryptocheilus Panzer, Priocnemissus Haupt, Caliadurgus Pate, Dipogon Fox, Phanagenia Banks, Auplopus Spinola, Ageniella Banks, Aporus Spinola, Episyron Schiødte, Poecilopompilus Ashmead, Tachypompilus Ashmead, Arachnophroctonus Howard, Pompilinus Ashmead, Arachnospila Kincaid, and Al¬lochares Banks. New host spider families are introduced for Pepsis equestris Erichson (Pycnothelidae), Pepsis mexicana Lucas (Ctenidae), Pepsis cyanescens Lepeletier (Ctenidae), Pepsis lepida Mocsary (Teraphosidae), Priocnessus prominens (Banks) (Teraphosidae), Entypus unifasciatus cressoni (Banks) (Teraphosidae), Priocnemis (Priocnemissus) nigripes (Cresson) (Antrodiaetidae), Dipogon (Deuteragenia) calipterus (Say) (Salticidae), Dipogon (Deuteragenia) sayi Banks (Trachelidae), Auplopus mellipes mellipes (Say) (Dysderidae), Ageniella (Ageniella) accepta (Cresson) species group (Corinnidae), Ageniella (Ageniella) evansi Townes (Zo-ropsidae), Ageniella (Leucophrus) reynoldsi (Banks) (Salticidae), Ageniella (Priophanes) sp. (Gnaphosidae), Aporus (Aporus) niger (Cresson) (Antrodiaetidae), Episyron conterminus Smith (Nephilidae), Tachypompilus ferrugineus (Say) (Salticidae). Linyphiidae and Philodromidae are new host families for Caliadurgus fasciatel¬lus (Spinola) in North America. Entychides Simon (Euctenizidae) is a new host genus for species in the family Pompilidae. Latrodectus mactans (Fabricius) (Teridiidae) is reported herein for an extremely rare, unidenti¬fed host species of Pompilidae.
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